Yoga, a practice that harmonises the mind, body, and spirit through a combination of physical postures, breath control, and meditation, has undergone significant transformation over the centuries. Once a tradition primarily practiced by men, yoga has seen a remarkable shift in the past century with the emergence of influential women who have profoundly shaped its modern form.

These pioneering women have not only globalised yoga but also enriched it with their unique perspectives and innovations, making it more inclusive and accessible. This article delves into the lives and legacies of these remarkable women, highlighting their profound impact on yoga and their broader contributions to wellness and society.

Yoga originated in ancient India, with its earliest practices recorded in the Vedas. For centuries, it was a male-dominated tradition, practiced primarily by ascetics and spiritual leaders. However, the 20th century brought significant cultural shifts that allowed women to step into prominent roles within the yoga community.

The early 1900s marked the beginning of a new era as yoga began to spread beyond India’s borders. During this time, an increasing number of women embraced yoga, both as practitioners and teachers, infusing the ancient practice with new energy and perspectives.

As yoga gained popularity in the West, it adapted to fit the cultural contexts of its new audiences. Women played a crucial role in this evolution, making yoga more accessible and inclusive. They introduced modifications and therapeutic approaches that resonated with diverse populations, significantly broadening yoga’s appeal and application.

Pioneers of modern yoga

Indra Devi (1899-2002)

Born as Eugenie Peterson in Latvia, Indra Devi's path to becoming a yoga pioneer began with her move to India in the 1920s. In India, she studied under the legendary yogi Krishnamacharya, becoming one of his first female students. In 1947, Devi relocated to the United States and opened the first yoga studio in Hollywood. Her clientele included Hollywood stars and influential figures, significantly aiding in the popularisation of yoga in the West.

Devi authored several books on yoga, making the practice accessible and understandable for Western audiences. Often referred to as the “First Lady of Yoga,” her efforts were instrumental in laying the groundwork for the global spread of yoga, establishing her as a pivotal figure in modern yoga history.

Swami Sivananda Radha (1911-1995)

Born Sylvia Hellman in Germany, Swami Sivananda Radha's spiritual journey led her to India in the 1950s. There, she became a disciple of Swami Sivananda Saraswati and was initiated into the Saraswati order. Upon returning to the West, she founded Yasodhara Ashram in Canada in 1963.

Her teachings focused on integrating yoga with Western psychology, emphasising personal transformation and spiritual growth. Swami Sivananda Radha authored several influential books and developed practices such as "The Hidden Language of Hatha Yoga," contributing significantly to the understanding and practice of yoga in the West.

Geeta Iyengar (1944-2018)

Geeta Iyengar, the eldest daughter of B.K.S. Iyengar, was born in Pune, India. Immersed in yoga from a young age under her father's guidance, she became a significant figure in the practice. Specialising in Iyengar Yoga, Geeta focused on its therapeutic applications and authored “Yoga: A Gem for Women,” a seminal work addressing the specific needs of female practitioners.

Her teachings emphasised precision, alignment, and the therapeutic benefits of yoga. Geeta Iyengar is highly regarded for her contributions to women's health and yoga therapy, inspiring countless female practitioners and teachers.

Lilias Folan (b. 1936)

Lilias Folan gained widespread recognition in the 1970s with her PBS television series "Lilias, Yoga and You." This show introduced millions of Americans to yoga, making it accessible and mainstream. Folan's approachable teaching style and emphasis on the holistic benefits of yoga helped demystify the practice for a broad audience. She authored several books and continued to promote yoga as a means of achieving physical health, mental clarity, and spiritual well-being.

Women’s broader contributions to yoga

Integrative approaches

Women have been at the forefront of integrating yoga into therapeutic settings. They have developed programs that use yoga to address physical ailments, mental health issues, and emotional well-being. This approach has made yoga a valuable tool in complementary and alternative medicine.

Female practitioners have also promoted the holistic benefits of yoga, emphasising its role in achieving balance and harmony in life. Their teachings often incorporate elements of mindfulness, meditation, and lifestyle changes, providing a comprehensive approach to wellness.

Community building

Women have established and led numerous yoga studios and wellness centres around the world. These spaces serve as hubs for community building, education, and personal growth, fostering a sense of belonging and support among practitioners.

Female yoginis also frequently organise workshops and retreats, offering opportunities for deeper immersion in yoga practice. These events often combine physical practice with spiritual and personal development, providing a holistic experience for participants.

Advocacy and activism

Many female yoga instructors use their platforms to advocate for social justice issues. They organise initiatives and participate in campaigns that address inequality, human rights, and environmental sustainability, demonstrating the power of yoga as a tool for social change.

Women in yoga have also been vocal advocates for environmental sustainability. They incorporate principles of eco-conscious living into their teachings and practices, encouraging their communities to adopt sustainable habits and respect for nature.

Education and training

Women have played a significant role in developing and leading yoga teacher training programs. These programs equip new instructors with the knowledge and skills needed to teach yoga effectively, ensuring the practice continues to evolve and grow. Female yoginis have also contributed extensively to yoga literature, authoring books, articles, and online content. Their writings provide valuable insights, guidance, and inspiration for practitioners of all levels.

Women have had a profound impact on the evolution of modern yoga. From pioneers like Indra Devi and Geeta Iyengar to contemporary influencers, their contributions have shaped the practice and made it accessible to millions worldwide. Beyond the mat, women have integrated yoga into therapeutic settings, advocated for social justice and environmental sustainability, and built supportive communities. Their legacies continue to inspire and guide future generations of yoga practitioners, ensuring that the transformative power of yoga remains a force for good in the world.

By recognising and celebrating the achievements of these remarkable women, we honor their contributions and acknowledge the vital role they play in the ongoing evolution of yoga. As we continue to practice and promote yoga, let us carry forward their legacy of inclusivity, compassion, and holistic wellness.